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81.
Early Miocene (ca.?21–18 Ma) volcanism in the Karacada? area comprises three groups of volcanic rocks: (1) calcalkaline suite (andesitic to rhyolitic lavas and their pyroclastics), (2) mildly-alkaline suite (alkali basalt, hawaiite, mugearite, benmoreite and trachydacite), and (3) a single trachyandesitic flow unit. Field observations, 40Ar/39Ar ages and geochemical data show that there was a progressive temporal transition from group 1 to 3 in a post-collisional tectonic setting. The calcalkaline suite rocks with medium-K in composition resemble those of subduction-related lavas, whereas the mildly-alkaline suite rocks having a sodic tendency (Na2O/K2O=1.5–3.2) resemble those of within-plate lavas. Incompatible element and Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics of the suites suggest that the lithospheric mantle beneath the Karacada? area was heterogeneously enriched by two processes before collision: (1) enrichment by subduction-related processes, which is important in the genesis of the calcalkaline volcanism, (2) enrichment by small degree melts from the astenosphere, which dominates the mildly alkaline volcanism. Perturbation of the enriched lithosphere by either delamination following collision and uplift or removal of the subducted slab following subduction and collision (i.e., slab breakoff) is the likely mechanism for the initiation of the post-collision volcanism. 相似文献
82.
ZOU Yongliao ZHANG Liyan LIU Jianzhong MU Lingli REN Xin ZHANG Guangliang CHANG Jin YAN Jun ZHANG Nan ZHANG Hongbo Lü Chang LIU Jianjun ZUO Wei SU Yan WEN Weibin BIAN Wei WANG Min XU Chun LI Chunlai OUYANG Ziyuan 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(6):1299-1309
Gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) is one of the main payloads on the Chang’E-1 (CE-1) lunar probe, mainly aimed to detect the elemental abundances and distributions on the lunar surface. At 03:58 on 28 November 2007, it performed the first observation of the lunar gamma rays. As of 24 October 2008, 2105?h of effective gamma rays spectra had been acquired by CE-1 GRS, which covers the whole surface of the moon. This paper mainly describes the data processing procedures and methods of deriving the elemental abundances by using the CE-1 GRS time series corrected spectra: first, to bin data into pixels for mapping; then, to perform a background deduction of the cumulative spectra and obtain a peak area of the elements; and finally, to use the elemental abundances inversion model to produce the elemental abundances. Based on these processing methods, the global abundance maps of U, K, and Th at a 5°×5° equal-area pixel are acquired by CE-1 GRS data. The paper gives a preliminary analysis of the uncertainties of the elemental abundances 相似文献
83.
SUN Xiaoming 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(3):656-660
In the present study, the modified Sverjensky–Molling equation, derived from a linear-free energy relationship, is used to predict the Gibbs free energies of formation of crystalline phases of α-MOOH (with a goethite structure) and α-M2O3 (with a hematite structure) from the known thermodynamic properties of the corresponding aqueous trivalent cations (M3+). The modified equation is expressed as ΔG0f,MVX=aMVXΔG0n,M3++bMVX+βMVXγM3+, where the coefficients aMVX, bMVX, and βMVX characterize a particular structural family of MvX (M is a trivalent cation [M3+] and X represents the remainder of the composition of solid); γ3+ is the ionic radius of trivalent cations (M3+); ΔG0f,MVX is the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of MvX; and ΔG0n,M3+ is the non-solvation energy of trivalent cations (M3+). By fitting the equation to the known experimental thermodynamic data, the coefficients for the goethite family (α-MOOH) are aMVX=0.8838, bMVX=?424.4431 (kcal/mol), and βMVX=115 (kcal/mol.?), while the coefficients for the hematite family (α-M2O3) are aMVX=1.7468, bMVX=?814.9573 (kcal/mol), and βMVX=278 (kcal/mol.?). The constrained relationship can be used to predict the standard Gibbs free energies of formation of crystalline phases and fictive phases (i.e. phases that are thermodynamically unstable and do not occur at standard conditions) within the isostructural families of goethite (α-MOOH) and hematite (α-M2O3) if the standard Gibbs free energies of formation of the trivalent cations are known. 相似文献
84.
水平井的开发技术关键之一是建立油气藏的精细三雏地质模型,据此可以确定明确的地质目标.常规的储层地质建模忽视了水平井与地层在空间上的独特配置关系,无法体现和充分利用其在表征储层属性空间展布特征上的优势.这里着重讲述了针对水平井开发的储层地质建模,引入了水平井储层概念模型,探讨了平面单元网格划分模式,并以塔河1区三叠系下油... 相似文献
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Samples were continuously collected from aerosol, fresh snow, and snow pits on Glacier No. 1 at Urumqi River source in eastern Tianshan (天山) Mountains. The deposition processes and the characteristics of mineral dust microparticles from aerosol to fresh snow, and then evolution to the snow pit were determined. Total dust microparticle concentration in the surface snow and aerosol showed a similar temporal variation trend, which was strongly associated with regional and local at-mospheric circulation in the ... 相似文献
87.
以往榆林沙漠地区基坑降水采用先开挖后降水,容易出现基坑边坡塌方,降水难度大,费工费时,降水效果差,本工程基坑降水采用了多管降水法,从管井的沉设方法,PPR新材料的运用,井管的制作等方面,开发研究出小范围内基坑降水的新方法,降水效果好,可在具有相同水文地质条件的工程降水中应用。 相似文献
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页岩气储层的形成条件与储层的地质研究内容 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用沉积学和层序地层学的理论和方法,综合考虑页岩气系统形成的有利条件,结合国内和国外的实例,总结了有利于泥页岩,特别是可作为页岩气储层的富有机质暗色泥页岩形成的时期和沉积环境,认为富有机质暗色泥页岩主要形成在相对海(湖)平面上升时期的海侵(湖侵)体系域,特别是密集段附近的位置;陆相盆地中的湖湾、半深湖—深湖与海相盆地中的半深海—深海盆地、台地边缘深缓坡和半闭塞—闭塞的欠补偿海湾地区是富有机质暗色泥页岩发育的有利地区。通过对美国Barnett等页岩气系统的分析,认为制作暗色泥岩等厚图、TOC等值线图、Ro等值线图、暗色泥岩埋深图等单因素基础地质图件,对其进行叠加综合分析, 对页岩气的勘探具有很好的指导意义。 相似文献